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Category: Laws by country

  • Electric Scooter Laws in the USA (2026): State-by-State Guide

    Electric Scooter Laws in the USA (2026): State-by-State Guide

    Quick answer: There is no single US law for riding an e-scooter. Each state sets its own rules, and most let cities add more, including banning scooters outright. Most states that have a scooter law treat the rider like a cyclist, cap speed at 15 to 20 mph, and keep scooters off faster roads. A few states have no scooter law at all, and Pennsylvania still says they can only be used on private property. Checked September 2026.

    If you ride an electric scooter in the United States, three layers of rules can apply: federal product rules, state traffic law and city rules. This guide explains how they fit together, then gives a state-by-state table for all 50 states and Washington, DC, built from the statutes themselves. Where a state’s law is silent or unclear, we say so rather than guess.

    What federal law does and doesn’t cover

    Federal law (15 U.S.C. 2085) defines a low-speed electric bicycle as a two or three-wheeled vehicle with fully operable pedals, a motor under 750 watts and a top speed under 20 mph on motor power alone. Those bikes are treated as consumer products under Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) rules. The law says nothing about stand-up scooters and nothing about where you can ride.

    The CPSC’s own micromobility guidance tells riders to follow local traffic laws, noting that “requirements for helmets, riding locations, and roadway use are different in every community.” In practice, where and how you ride is a state and city question.

    How to read the table

    • Road use summarises where the state allows scooters. Many states give riders the same rights and duties as cyclists.
    • Speed is the rider’s limit where the law sets one. “Device limit” means the law defines a scooter by its top speed rather than setting a riding limit.
    • No state rule found means the scooter sections we read contain no such rule. Another law, or a city ordinance, may still apply.
    • n/a marks states with no stand-up e-scooter law. Rules there are mostly set by cities, so check your local government’s website.

    E-scooter laws by state

    State Road use Speed Minimum age Helmet Sidewalks
    Alabama Only shared/rental scooters are addressed: they need city or county authorisation and ride with bicycle rights Device limit 20 mph Local option (shared) No state rule found Shared scooters must not block pedestrians
    Alaska No stand-up e-scooter category in state law; check local rules n/a n/a n/a n/a
    Arizona Yes, with bicycle rights and duties; no registration, licence or insurance Device limit 20 mph No state rule found No state rule found Left to bicycle rules and local law
    Arkansas Not addressed directly; local authorities regulate use on public property 15 mph 16 No state rule found Local rules
    California Roads posted 25 mph or less (locals may allow up to 35 mph); faster roads only in Class II or IV bikeways; driver's licence or permit required 15 mph Licence or permit required Under 18 Not allowed, except to enter or leave property
    Colorado Yes, with bicycle rights and duties; cities may regulate Device limit 20 mph No state rule found No state rule found Allowed unless signed or locally banned; yield and give an audible signal
    Connecticut Yes, with vehicle-driver rights; towns may regulate Device limit 20 mph No state rule found 15 and under Allowed unless locally banned; yield to pedestrians
    Delaware Low-speed scooters (15 mph or less) may go where bicycles can; faster scooters are banned on public highways 15 mph 14 Under 18 Not allowed
    District of Columbia Yes; must use a protected bike lane where available and safe Set by DDOT (10 mph in 2021 guidance) 16 for shared scooters Under 18 is in shared-scooter rider education Banned in the Central Business District
    Florida Yes, with bicycle rights and duties; no licence, registration or insurance; locals may regulate Device limit 20 mph Local option since 2025 Under 16 (bicycle helmet rule appears to apply) Local rules
    Georgia No e-scooter definition in state code; check local rules n/a n/a n/a n/a
    Hawaii Yes, with vehicle-driver rights; counties set further rules 15 mph 15 Under 18 (from July 2026) Left to counties
    Idaho No e-scooter definition in state code; check local rules n/a n/a n/a n/a
    Illinois Only where the local authority allows it; not on highways posted over 35 mph Device limit 10 mph 18 (new law from 1 Jan 2027 reported to lower this to 16) No state rule found Only if locally authorised (statewide ban reported from 2027)
    Indiana Yes, where bicycles may ride, subject to local rules Device limit 20 mph No state rule found No state rule found Local rules
    Iowa No scooter-specific law; small electric devices count as pedestrian conveyances No state rule found No state rule found No state rule found Not addressed
    Kansas Yes, under bicycle rules, but not on interstate, federal or state highways; locals may restrict No state rule found No state rule found No state rule found Local option
    Kentucky Yes, on highways, bike lanes and bike paths, subject to local rules Device limit 20 mph 16 Not required by state law Not addressed
    Louisiana Yes, unless a parish or city limits it (the statute is written for rental and commercial scooters) Device limit 20 mph No state rule found Under 17 Allowed unless locally banned
    Maine Yes, treated as a bicycle 20 mph Not confirmed Not confirmed Not addressed
    Maryland Yes, legally a bicycle; not on roads posted over 50 mph except the shoulder; use the bike lane where there is one Device limit 20 mph No state rule found Under 16 Allowed unless locally banned
    Massachusetts Covered by the older 'motorized scooter' law; a new micromobility law was still pending in September 2026 Not confirmed Not confirmed Not confirmed Local rules
    Michigan Yes, keep to the right; not on roads posted over 45 mph except to cross 25 mph No state rule found No state rule found Allowed; yield and give an audible signal
    Minnesota Yes, with bicycle rights and duties; bike paths and lanes unless locally banned Device limit 15 mph 12 Under 18 Not allowed, except to enter or leave property
    Mississippi No stand-up e-scooter law; check local rules n/a n/a n/a n/a
    Missouri Unclear; the 'motorized bicycle' rules (licence needed on public roads) may apply Unclear 16 for motorized bicycles Encouraged, not required Not stated
    Montana Yes, with vehicle-driver rights; roads, bike lanes and shoulders Device limit 30 mph No state rule found No state rule found Only under human power
    Nebraska No stand-up e-scooter law; check local rules n/a n/a n/a n/a
    Nevada Yes, with bicycle rights and duties 15 mph No state rule found No state rule found Where local ordinance allows
    New Hampshire Yes, as a personal mobility device with pedestrian rights Device limit under 20 mph No state rule found No state rule found Allowed; yield to pedestrians
    New Jersey Yes, on streets and bike paths, under bicycle rules; no licence, registration or insurance Device limit under 19 mph No state rule found Under 17 (bicycle helmet law appears to apply) Not addressed
    New Mexico No stand-up e-scooter law; check local rules n/a n/a n/a n/a
    New York Only on roads posted 30 mph or less; local governments may restrict or ban 15 mph 16 16 and 17 year olds Not allowed unless a local law permits
    North Carolina No stand-up e-scooter law; check local rules n/a n/a n/a n/a
    North Dakota No scooter rule found in state law; check city rules n/a n/a n/a n/a
    Ohio Yes: streets, highways, sidewalks, paths and bike lanes; locals may regulate or ban 20 mph 16 to rent No state rule found Allowed; yield and give an audible signal
    Oklahoma Yes, but not on roads posted over 25 mph 25 mph 14 No state rule found Set by cities
    Oregon Yes, but not on roads posted over 25 mph except in a bike lane 15 mph 16 All ages Allowed with conditions (yield, walking pace at crossings)
    Pennsylvania No. PennDOT says e-scooters can only be used on private property n/a n/a n/a Not allowed
    Rhode Island No clear stand-up e-scooter category; check local rules Unclear Unclear 15 and under for scooter riders No state rule found
    South Carolina No stand-up e-scooter law; check local rules n/a n/a n/a n/a
    South Dakota Only on streets and paths where the city allows it by ordinance Device limit 15 mph No state rule found No state rule found Allowed, cities may restrict
    Tennessee Yes, under bicycle rules; cities and counties may regulate or ban Device limit 20 mph No state rule found Not stated for scooters No state rule found
    Texas Only on streets posted 35 mph or less; locals may prohibit No state rule found No state rule found No state rule found Allowed unless locally banned
    Utah Yes, under bicycle rules; not in public parking structures 15 mph 8 (supervision rules for 8 to 15 from May 2027) No state rule found Only where locally allowed
    Vermont No stand-up e-scooter law; check local rules n/a n/a n/a n/a
    Virginia Yes, with vehicle-driver rights; no interstates 20 mph Under 14 only with adult supervision Local option for 14 and under Allowed unless locally banned; yield and signal
    Washington Yes, like bicycles, plus bike lanes and paths; not on limited-access highways Device limit 20 mph No state rule found No state rule found Not allowed unless locally permitted
    West Virginia No stand-up e-scooter law; check local rules n/a n/a n/a n/a
    Wisconsin Yes, on roads, bike lanes and paths, subject to local rules 15 mph No state rule found No state rule found Allowed, subject to local rules
    Wyoming No specific rule; likely treated as a 'motorized skateboard' that locals regulate n/a n/a n/a n/a

    Recent and upcoming changes

    • Hawaii: Act 259, signed in July 2026, raised the helmet age from under 16 to under 18.
    • Delaware: a new low-speed scooter regime applies, and from 1 January 2026 scooters must carry a classification label.
    • Florida: a 2025 law lets cities and counties set minimum ages and require photo ID.
    • Illinois: a new law signed in August 2026 takes effect on 1 January 2027. News reports say it sets a minimum age of 16 and bans scooters from sidewalks statewide. Check the final text before relying on it.
    • Utah: from 5 May 2027, riders aged 8 to 15 need adult supervision or a safety certificate, and freeways are banned.
    • Massachusetts: a new micromobility framework was still in a conference committee in September 2026 and is not yet law.
    • Pennsylvania: a bill that would allow scooters on some roads has been in committee since September 2025.

    City rules matter as much as state law

    In many states the statute hands most of the detail to cities and counties. They can ban scooters from sidewalks or whole districts, set lower speed limits, add age limits for rentals or ban them entirely. Washington, DC, for example, bans riding on sidewalks in the Central Business District. If you use a rental app, its terms usually add further rules, such as a minimum age of 18 and no-ride zones.

    Safety tips wherever you ride

    • Wear a helmet even where the law doesn’t require one. The CPSC recommends one for every ride.
    • Use certified scooters and batteries, and charge them where you can see them.
    • Ride predictably, give pedestrians priority, and use a bell or your voice when passing.
    • Check the posted speed limit before riding on a road: several states keep scooters off roads posted above 25, 30 or 35 mph.

    Laws in this area change often. This table was checked against state statutes and official pages in September 2026. Some statute sites blocked automated access, so a few states were checked using FindLaw or archived copies of the official text, and those are marked in the sources. Always confirm the current rules with your state and city before you ride.

    Sources

    • 15 U.S.C. 2085 (Cornell LII) (law.cornell.edu)
    • CPSC Micromobility Information Center (cpsc.gov)
    • Code of Alabama 32-19-2 (alison.legislature.state.al.us)
    • Alaska Statutes 28.90.990 (akleg.gov)
    • Arizona Revised Statutes 28-819 (azleg.gov)
    • Arkansas Code 27-51-1903 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • California Vehicle Code 21235 (leginfo.legislature.ca.gov)
    • Colorado Revised Statutes 42-4-1412 (colorado.public.law)
    • Connecticut General Statutes, chapter 248 (cga.ct.gov)
    • Delaware Code Title 21, chapter 41 (delcode.delaware.gov)
    • DC Code 50-2201.03c (code.dccouncil.gov)
    • Florida Statutes 316.2128 (flsenate.gov)
    • Georgia Department of Public Safety: low-speed vehicles (dps.georgia.gov)
    • Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-139 (data.capitol.hawaii.gov)
    • Idaho Code 49-106 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • 625 ILCS 5/11-1518 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • Indiana Code 9-21-11-13.6 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • Iowa Code 321.1 (legis.iowa.gov)
    • Kansas Statutes 8-15,113 (ksrevisor.gov)
    • Kentucky Revised Statutes 189.289 (apps.legislature.ky.gov)
    • Louisiana R.S. 32:300.1.1 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • Maine Revised Statutes 29-A §2063 (legislature.maine.gov)
    • Maryland Transportation §21-1207.1 (mgaleg.maryland.gov)
    • MassBike: micromobility bill update (massbike.org)
    • Michigan Compiled Laws 257.660 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • Minnesota Statutes 169.225 (revisor.mn.gov)
    • Mississippi Code 63-3-103 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • Missouri State Highway Patrol: mopeds and scooters (mshp.dps.missouri.gov)
    • Montana Code 61-8-602 (mca.legmt.gov)
    • Nebraska Revised Statutes 60-6,376 (archived) (web.archive.org)
    • NRS 484B.785 (nevada.public.law)
    • NH RSA chapter 269 (archived) (web.archive.org)
    • N.J.S.A. 39:4-14.16 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • NMSA 66-3-1102 (archived) (web.archive.org)
    • NY Vehicle and Traffic Law §1282 (nysenate.gov)
    • NC General Statutes 20-175.6 (archived) (web.archive.org)
    • North Dakota Century Code chapter 39-01 (ndlegis.gov)
    • Ohio Revised Code 4511.514 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • Oklahoma Statutes Title 47 (PDF) (oklegislature.gov)
    • ORS 814.512 (oregon.public.law)
    • PennDOT micromobility fact sheet (Feb 2026) (edgeworthborough.org)
    • Rhode Island General Laws 31-19-2.1 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • South Carolina Code Title 56, chapter 5 (scstatehouse.gov)
    • SDCL 32-26-21.6 (sdlegislature.gov)
    • Tennessee Code 55-8-208 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • Texas Transportation Code 551.352 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • Utah Code 41-6a-1115 (le.utah.gov)
    • Vermont Statutes 23 V.S.A. 4 (legislature.vermont.gov)
    • Code of Virginia 46.2-904 (law.lis.virginia.gov)
    • RCW 46.61.710 (app.leg.wa.gov)
    • West Virginia Code 17C-1-66 (code.wvlegislature.gov)
    • Wisconsin Statutes 346.94 (FindLaw) (codes.findlaw.com)
    • Wyoming Statutes Title 31 (PDF) (wyoleg.gov)
  • Electric Scooter Laws in the UK (2026): Where You Can Legally Ride

    Electric Scooter Laws in the UK (2026): Where You Can Legally Ride

    Quick answer: In all four UK nations it is illegal to ride a privately owned e-scooter on public roads, pavements, cycle lanes or in parks. You can only ride one on private land with the landowner’s permission. The one legal exception is the government-backed rental e-scooter trials, which run only in certain areas of England and are currently due to end in May 2028. Riders on the trials need a full or provisional driving licence with category Q entitlement. Checked September 2026.

    E-scooters are everywhere in British towns, so it surprises many people to learn that almost all of that riding is illegal. This guide explains the law in plain English for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, what the rental trials allow, and what can happen if you are stopped by police. Laws in this area are under review, so always check the official sources listed at the end before you buy or ride.

    Why private e-scooters are illegal on UK roads

    Across the UK, an e-scooter counts as a motor vehicle. That means a rider would need the same things a moped rider needs: a licence, insurance, and a vehicle that meets road-legal standards. Private e-scooters do not meet those standards and cannot be insured for road use, so there is no legal way to ride one in public.

    The Department for Transport’s guidance for users states plainly: “It is against the law to use a privately owned electric scooter on public land.” Its page on the rental trials adds that “private e-scooters remain illegal to use on public roads.”

    Buying and owning an e-scooter is legal. Riding it on your own driveway, garden or other private land with the owner’s permission is legal. The problem starts the moment you ride it on a road, pavement, cycle lane, park path or other public place.

    The law nation by nation

    England

    • Private e-scooters: illegal on public roads, pavements, cycle lanes and other public land.
    • Rental e-scooters: legal only inside an approved trial area, on an operator’s scooter. England is the only nation with live trials.
    • Penalties: Transport for London says riding a private e-scooter can bring a £300 fixed penalty and six points on your driving licence for riding an uninsured motor vehicle. The DfT also warns that the scooter “could be impounded”.

    Wales

    • Private e-scooters: illegal in public. Wrexham County Borough Council, quoting North Wales Police, states that “riding an e-scooter on the highway, pavement, or on cycle lanes in Wales is illegal” and that riding is only possible on private land with the landowner’s permission.
    • Rental e-scooters: there are no trials in Wales. Senedd Research notes that it is “illegal to ride any e-scooter, private or rental, in Wales”.
    • Penalties: police may seize a scooter used in a public place. For fine amounts, check with your local police force (Dyfed-Powys, Gwent, North Wales or South Wales Police).

    Scotland

    • Private e-scooters: Police Scotland says e-scooters “are not permitted on public roads, pavements or other public spaces, as they do not meet the necessary legal standards”, and that “their use is only legal on private land with the landowner’s consent.”
    • Rental e-scooters: no trial schemes are running in Scotland. The UK government’s list of live trial areas covers England only.
    • Penalties: Police Scotland warns that anyone riding a non-compliant e-scooter on a public road “will likely have it seized by officers and removed to a contractor’s yard, with a significant cost to the owner.” For fine amounts, check with Police Scotland.

    Northern Ireland

    • Private e-scooters: illegal on roads, pavements and cycle lanes. Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council, citing the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), explains that e-scooters are classed as motor vehicles by the Department for Infrastructure and are only legally permitted on private land.
    • Rental e-scooters: there are no trial schemes in Northern Ireland.
    • Penalties: the same council guidance says police can penalise riders depending on the seriousness of the offence, and that this “can include fines of up to £1000 and penalty points.” Police may also ask you to take the scooter home. Check the PSNI e-scooter page for the latest position.

    At a glance: UK e-scooter law by nation

    Nation Private e-scooter in public Rental trials Where to check
    England Illegal Yes, in approved trial areas only, due to end May 2028 GOV.UK (Department for Transport), local police
    Wales Illegal None Local police force, Welsh Government
    Scotland Illegal None Police Scotland, Transport Scotland
    Northern Ireland Illegal None PSNI, Department for Infrastructure

    The rental e-scooter trials explained

    The Department for Transport made regulations allowing rental e-scooter trials in July 2020. The idea was to gather evidence on safety and public attitudes before deciding whether to change the law. The trials have been extended several times. The DfT’s rental trials page now says they are “currently due to end in May 2028”, and Transport for London gives the end date for the London scheme as 31 May 2028.

    The DfT says “the ongoing legal and regulatory basis for e-scooters will be considered by DfT based on findings from the trials”, with a second national evaluation underway. In other words, there is no confirmed date for private e-scooters becoming legal.

    Where the trials run

    Trials run only in England, in areas that have signed up with an approved operator. The DfT’s user guidance lists live areas including Bournemouth and Poole, Brighton and Hove, Cambridge, Cornwall, Leeds, Liverpool, London, Milton Keynes, Norwich, Nottingham, Oxford, Plymouth, Salford and Slough, among others. The list changes as areas join or leave, so check the current list on GOV.UK before relying on it. In London, TfL says the scheme runs with two operators across 11 participating boroughs.

    Rules for rental riders

    • Licence: you need “either a provisional or full UK driving licence with a category Q entitlement.” Some overseas licence holders may also qualify under conditions set out by the DfT.
    • Insurance: the operator provides third-party motor insurance, so you do not need your own.
    • Top speed: “The maximum speed for a rental e-scooter is 15.5mph”, and some areas set a lower cap. TfL caps London trial scooters at 12.5mph.
    • Minimum age: the DfT guidance does not set one national figure. Operators set their own, and in London TfL says riders must be 18 or over and hold a provisional licence. Check your operator’s terms.
    • Where to ride: “You can use a rental e-scooter on the road (except motorways) and in cycle lanes.” You “must not use an e-scooter on the pavement.”
    • One rider only: rental e-scooters “must only be used by one person at a time.”
    • Phones and alcohol: you must not use a mobile phone while riding, and you must not ride while drunk or otherwise intoxicated.
    • Helmets: recommended but “not a legal requirement.”

    A rental scooter is only legal inside its trial area. Riding it outside the permitted zone, or riding your own scooter inside a trial area, is not covered by the trial rules.

    What happens if you are caught

    Because a private e-scooter is treated as an uninsured motor vehicle, the consequences can be heavier than many riders expect:

    • A fixed penalty and points. TfL says riding a private e-scooter can mean a £300 fixed penalty and six points on your driving licence for having no insurance.
    • Seizure. The DfT, Police Scotland and Welsh police all warn that scooters can be impounded or seized, and you may have to pay to get one back if it is returned at all.
    • Future driving. Points can go on a provisional licence too, which matters to young riders who have not yet passed a driving test.
    • Other offences. Riding on the pavement, using a phone or riding while drunk can bring further charges. Rules and fines vary between England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, so check with the relevant police force.

    E-scooters and public transport in London

    Separately from road law, TfL bans e-scooters and other powered transporters from its services and stations because of lithium-ion battery fire risks. TfL says breaking the ban can lead to fines of up to £1,000. Other transport operators set their own rules, so check before you travel.

    Practical tips before you buy

    • If you buy an e-scooter in the UK, understand that you can only ride it on private land for now.
    • If you want to ride legally in public, use a rental scheme in an English trial area and hold the right licence.
    • Do not rely on shop staff or online sellers to tell you a scooter is “road legal”. No private e-scooter is currently road legal in the UK.
    • Keep an eye on the DfT for any announcement about new legislation after the trials.

    Where to check the law

    This guide was checked in September 2026. For England, the official places to check are the GOV.UK e-scooter pages from the Department for Transport. In Scotland, check Police Scotland and Transport Scotland. In Wales, check your local police force. In Northern Ireland, check the PSNI and the Department for Infrastructure.

    This article is general information, not legal advice. Laws and enforcement can change and may differ by area. If you need advice about your own situation, speak to a qualified solicitor or the relevant authority.

    Sources

    • GOV.UK: E-scooter trials, guidance for users
    • GOV.UK: Rental e-scooter trials
    • Transport for London: E-scooters (tfl.gov.uk)
    • Police Scotland: Advice on e-bikes and e-scooters (scotland.police.uk)
    • Wrexham County Borough Council: Avoid a costly error this Christmas (news.wrexham.gov.uk)
    • Senedd Research: Your e-scooter questions answered (research.senedd.wales)
    • Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council: E-scooters, know the law (armaghbanbridgecraigavon.gov.uk)
  • Electric Scooter Laws in Ireland (2026): Speed, Age, Helmet and Fines

    Electric Scooter Laws in Ireland (2026): Speed, Age, Helmet and Fines

    Quick answer: E-scooters have been legal on Irish public roads since 2024, but only if the scooter and the rider meet strict rules. The scooter must have a maximum design speed of 20 km/h, a continuous power output of 400 watts or less, weigh no more than 25 kg, and have lights, reflectors, brakes and a bell. Riders must stay off footpaths, obey a 20 km/h limit and, since 4 September 2026, wear a helmet and high-visibility clothing. From 2 October 2026 the minimum age rises from 16 to 18. Checked September 2026.

    Ireland moved from a total ban to a regulated system in 2024, and the rules have been tightened twice in autumn 2026. This guide explains the current law in plain English, what is changing, and where to check for updates.

    The legal framework

    The Road Traffic and Roads Act 2023 created a new category of vehicle called the Powered Personal Transporter (PPT). E-scooters fall into this category. According to the Department of Transport, e-scooters “can be legally used on public roads only if they meet the technical and usage requirements for the category.”

    The detailed rules are set out in the Road Traffic (Electric Scooters) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 199 of 2024), plus several related statutory instruments that deal with traffic rules, signs, seizure and fixed charges. In 2026 two amendments were added: S.I. 455 of 2026 (helmets and high-visibility clothing) and S.I. 489 of 2026 (minimum age of 18).

    Technical rules: what makes an e-scooter legal

    An e-scooter used on public roads must:

    • have a maximum continuous rated power output of 400 watts or less
    • have a maximum net weight of 25 kg, including batteries
    • have a maximum design speed of 20 km/h or less
    • have wheels with a minimum diameter of 200 mm
    • be fitted with front and rear lights and reflectors, brakes and a bell
    • carry a manufacturer’s plate certifying the power output, weight and design speed
    • not have a seat

    The Department of Transport is clear that an e-scooter that does not meet these requirements “may not legally be used on public roads.” Many powerful scooters sold online exceed these limits, so check the manufacturer’s plate before you buy.

    Rider rules

    The Department of Transport says an e-scooter “should be used in the same way as a bicycle on public roads.” Riders must:

    • meet the minimum age (see below)
    • wear a helmet and high-visibility clothing
    • not carry passengers (for example, carrying children to school)
    • not carry goods (for example, food or parcel delivery)
    • obey a speed limit of 20 km/h
    • drive on the left, including in bicycle lanes and bus lanes
    • not use the footpath
    • obey all rules of the road, especially at traffic lights and pedestrian, pelican and zebra crossings
    • obey signals from a Garda or school warden
    • obey all traffic lights, including bicycle traffic lights, and traffic signs as they apply to cyclists
    • not use a mobile phone

    What changed in 2026

    Change Date Legislation
    Helmets and high-visibility clothing become mandatory 4 September 2026 S.I. 455 of 2026
    Minimum age rises from 16 to 18 2 October 2026 S.I. 489 of 2026
    Fees for detention and storage of seized e-scooters doubled to €80 (detention and first day) and €30 per extra day 2 October 2026 Announced by the Department of Transport
    Fixed charge for e-scooter offences to rise to €100, plus a new €100 offence for not wearing a helmet or high-vis Not yet in force; “in the coming weeks” Regulations to follow

    Minimum age

    The 2024 regulations set a minimum age of 16. On 22 September 2026, the Minister for Transport and the Minister of State for Road Safety signed regulations raising the age to 18, “from 2nd October 2026.” The government said the change followed “a concerning number of serious injuries and fatalities involving young e-scooter users.” If you are 16 or 17, you can no longer legally ride an e-scooter on a public road from that date.

    Helmets and high-visibility clothing

    Helmets and high-visibility clothing have been mandatory since Friday 4 September 2026. The Department of Transport’s page now lists wearing both as a legal requirement for all riders.

    Where you can and cannot ride

    • Allowed: public roads, bicycle lanes and bus lanes, keeping to the left, at no more than 20 km/h.
    • Not allowed: footpaths and pedestrianised areas. The Road Traffic (Traffic and Parking) (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 222 of 2024) set out the traffic rules, including forbidding use on footpaths and pedestrianised areas.
    • Signs: the Road Traffic (Signs) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 200 of 2024) mean signs for bicycles also apply to e-scooters.

    Other types of PPT, such as e-skateboards and e-unicycles, and e-scooters that do not meet the regulations, remain illegal to use in public places under S.I. 224 of 2024.

    Penalties and seizure

    • Fixed charge: S.I. 227 of 2024 provides for a fixed charge of €50 for e-scooter offences. The government has announced this will rise to €100, with a new €100 fixed charge for not wearing a helmet or high-vis. As of late September 2026 the Department said these regulations would follow “in the coming weeks”, so check gov.ie for the current figure.
    • Seizure: S.I. 223 of 2024 gives An Garda Síochána the power to seize and detain non-compliant e-scooters and other PPTs.
    • Getting a seized scooter back: from 2 October 2026 the fees rise to €80 for detention and the first day of storage and €30 for each additional day.

    Licence, insurance and registration

    At the moment you do not need to register an e-scooter, hold a driving licence or buy insurance to ride a compliant one. However, the government has said that “proposals regarding registration, insurance and driving licence requirements for e-scooters remain under consideration”, and that “further work is also being progressed on the registration of e-scooters.” Expect more changes, and check before you ride.

    Quick checklist for Irish riders

    • Does your scooter have a manufacturer’s plate showing 400 W or less, 25 kg or less and 20 km/h or less?
    • Does it have front and rear lights, reflectors, brakes and a bell, and no seat?
    • Are you 18 or older (from 2 October 2026)?
    • Are you wearing a helmet and high-visibility clothing?
    • Are you on the road, a cycle lane or a bus lane, not a footpath?
    • Are you alone, with no passengers or delivery goods, and not using your phone?

    Common questions

    Can I use an e-scooter for food or parcel deliveries?

    No. The Department of Transport lists “not carry goods (for example, food or parcel delivery)” as one of the usage requirements.

    Can I bring my child on the scooter?

    No. Carrying passengers is not allowed, and the Department gives “carrying children to school” as an example of what is banned.

    What about e-skateboards, hoverboards and e-unicycles?

    These are other types of Powered Personal Transporter. Under S.I. 224 of 2024 they remain illegal to use in public places.

    My scooter can go faster than 20 km/h. Can I just ride it slowly?

    The rules are about the scooter’s maximum design speed, not only how fast you ride. A scooter must have a design speed of 20 km/h or less to be legal on public roads, so a faster model does not meet the technical requirements.

    Where to check the law

    This guide was checked in September 2026. Rules are changing quickly in Ireland. The official places to check are the Department of Transport’s e-scooter page on gov.ie and the Road Safety Authority (RSA) e-scooter FAQs. The full legal text is on the Irish Statute Book.

    This article is general information, not legal advice. If you need advice about your own situation, speak to a qualified solicitor or contact the Department of Transport or An Garda Síochána.

    Sources

    • gov.ie, Department of Transport: E-Scooters (updated 24 September 2026)
    • gov.ie: Ministers introduce regulations raising minimum age for e-scooter use to 18 (22 September 2026)
    • gov.ie: Ministers introduce first in new suite of road safety regulations addressing e-scooter use (2 September 2026)
  • Electric Scooter Laws in Canada (2026): Province-by-Province Guide

    Electric Scooter Laws in Canada (2026): Province-by-Province Guide

    Quick answer: There is no single Canadian e-scooter law. Each province sets its own rules, and in several provinces your city must also opt in. Ontario and British Columbia run pilot programmes where riders must be at least 16. Quebec allows e-scooters under a pilot from age 14 on roads posted 50 km/h or less. Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan let municipalities allow them by bylaw. In Alberta, privately owned e-scooters generally cannot be ridden in public without a provincial exemption. Checked September 2026.

    Canada’s e-scooter rules are a patchwork. Road rules are set by provinces and territories, and many of them hand the final say on where you can ride to municipalities. This guide sets out the main rules province by province, based on official government pages, and tells you where to check for your own town.

    Province-by-province summary

    Province Status Minimum age Speed Helmet
    Ontario Pilot to 27 November 2029; only in municipalities that pass a bylaw 16 Device max 24 km/h Required under 18
    British Columbia Four-year pilot launched 5 April 2024; participating communities only 16 Device max 25 km/h Required
    Quebec Pilot project; roads posted 50 km/h or less 14 25 km/h max Required
    Alberta Private e-scooters not allowed without a provincial exemption; shared schemes in some cities Check with Alberta Transportation Check locally Check locally
    Nova Scotia Allowed where municipal bylaws permit 14 Provincial max 32 km/h; municipalities can set lower Required
    Saskatchewan Allowed only where a municipality passes a bylaw 16 Device max 24 km/h; roads 50 km/h or less Required
    Manitoba New law (Bill 43) passed June 2026 but not yet proclaimed at last report Check with Manitoba Transportation Check Check
    Other provinces and territories Not covered in this guide Check with the provincial or territorial transport ministry

    Ontario

    Ontario runs a provincial e-scooter pilot that “allows municipalities to choose where and how e-scooters may be used.” The Ontario government says the pilot runs from 1 January 2020 to 27 November 2029. E-scooters are only legal in municipalities that have passed a bylaw to allow them, so check with your city first.

    Device rules

    • maximum speed of 24 km/h on a level surface
    • maximum weight of 45 kg
    • maximum power output of 500 watts
    • two wheels and brakes, and a horn or bell
    • at least one white light on the front, one red light on the rear and reflective material on the sides
    • maximum wheel diameter of 17 inches
    • no pedals, no seat and no basket

    Rider rules

    • be at least 16 years old
    • remain standing while riding
    • wear a bicycle helmet if you are under 18
    • no passengers or cargo
    • no riding on controlled-access highways such as 400-series highways and the QEW

    Highway Traffic Act rules of the road apply, as they do for bicycles. The province says penalties for breaking the pilot regulation range from $250 to $2,500. Municipalities decide where e-scooters can be ridden (for example roads, bike paths or trails), where they can park and whether insurance is required. If you are in a collision that causes injury or damage, you must report it to police.

    British Columbia

    British Columbia tested e-scooters from 2021 to 2024 and launched a new four-year pilot on 5 April 2024 under the Electric Kick Scooter Pilot Project Regulation. E-scooters can be used on public roads only in participating communities. The province lists 40 of them (as of September 2026), including Vancouver, Burnaby, Richmond, Victoria, Kelowna, Kamloops, Nanaimo and Prince George. Limited riding in cycle lanes is also allowed on certain highways outside municipal boundaries.

    Device rules

    • handlebars and a standing platform, with no seat
    • wheels no more than 430 mm in diameter
    • electric motor rated at no more than 500 watts continuous
    • weight no more than 45 kg
    • maximum speed capability of 25 km/h on level ground
    • brakes that can stop the scooter from top speed within 7.5 metres
    • a bell or horn, and front and rear lights for use between sunset and sunrise

    Rider rules

    • be 16 or older; parents must not let under-16s ride
    • wear an approved safety helmet
    • no licence or insurance is required
    • on roads with speed limits up to 50 km/h, use a cycle lane if there is one or keep as far right as is safe
    • on roads with speed limits over 50 km/h, ride only in a designated cycling lane
    • no riding on sidewalks or in crosswalks unless a sign allows it
    • no passengers, no riding side by side except to pass, and no riding impaired or while using a phone

    BC says breaking these rules can bring a $109 fine, impoundment of the device, or other penalties of up to $2,000.

    Quebec

    Quebec runs a pilot project on motorised personal mobility devices (MPMDs), which include e-scooters and electric unicycles. The Quebec government says these devices “may be used on roads with a speed limit of 50 km/h or less, and on bikeways located along those roads.” A regional news report says the government has extended the pilot to 20 July 2028; confirm the current end date with the Ministère des Transports et de la Mobilité durable.

    • Age: at least 14, and you must carry a document that proves your age
    • Helmet: required, correctly adjusted and fastened
    • Speed: maximum 25 km/h at all times
    • Device: no more than 36 kg, wheels at least 190 mm, motor cut-off at 25 km/h, a brake on each wheel and (except unicycles) two braking systems, one of them mechanical
    • Lights and reflectors: white at the front, red at the rear and sides; lights on at night
    • Not allowed: headphones, passengers, pulling a trailer, riding on roads posted over 50 km/h, or using a phone or screen (with limited exceptions)
    • Sidewalks: do not use them except in exceptional circumstances

    Municipalities can ban MPMDs on particular roads or bikeways with signs. Quebec says fines range from $100 to $200 depending on the offence.

    Alberta

    According to CBC News reporting in September 2026, the Traffic Safety Act was adjusted in 2019 to allow Calgary and Edmonton to run shared e-scooter programmes, but “if an individual owns that type of vehicle, they can’t legally ride it without an exemption from the provincial government.” The province has said it is considering changes that would let municipalities allow personal e-scooters, but no new law was in place when we checked.

    Shared scooters are allowed in some cities. The City of Calgary says shared e-scooters can be ridden city-wide on bicycle lanes, pathways, empty sidewalks and lower-speed, lower-traffic roads, but not on busier roads such as Macleod Trail. For rules on your own scooter, check with Alberta Transportation and Economic Corridors.

    Nova Scotia

    Nova Scotia amended its Motor Vehicle Act in 2022 to allow e-scooters on municipal roads. The province set a minimum age of 14, a maximum permitted speed of 32 km/h and helmet requirements, and left municipalities to decide whether e-scooters are allowed on roads, sidewalks or shared sidewalks, and to set lower speed limits.

    For example, Halifax’s Micromobility By-law M-300 (in force since 15 July 2023) allows e-scooters on roads with a speed limit of 50 km/h or less, in bicycle lanes and on multi-use pathways within streets. It sets limits of 25 km/h on roads and bike lanes and 15 km/h on multi-use pathways, and bans sidewalk riding. Check your own municipality’s bylaw.

    Saskatchewan

    CBC News reported in 2022 that SGI changed the regulations so municipalities can allow e-scooters by bylaw. Any bylaw must restrict riders to streets with a 50 km/h speed limit, riders must be at least 16 and wear a helmet, and e-scooters are limited to 24 km/h. Where a municipality has not passed a bylaw, e-scooters are barred from public roads. Sidewalk and path rules are up to each municipality. Check with SGI and your city.

    Manitoba

    Manitoba passed Bill 43, The Highway Traffic Amendment and Drivers and Vehicles Amendment Act, on 1 June 2026. CBC News reported that it sets a framework for personal electric vehicles on public roads, including minimum ages and maximum speeds, but had “yet to be proclaimed into law”, with the province still working on regulations. Some towns, such as Morden, have already updated their bylaws. Check with Manitoba Transportation and Infrastructure and your municipality before riding.

    Other provinces and territories

    We have not verified the current rules for New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, Yukon, the Northwest Territories or Nunavut for this guide. Check with the relevant provincial or territorial transport department before riding in public.

    Where to check the law

    This guide was checked in September 2026. The official places to check are ontario.ca (Ministry of Transportation), gov.bc.ca (Electric Kick Scooter Pilot Project), quebec.ca (Transports et Mobilité durable), and your municipality’s website, which will tell you whether your city has opted in and where you can ride.

    This article is general information, not legal advice. Rules differ between provinces and municipalities and can change quickly. For advice about your own situation, speak to a qualified lawyer or the relevant authority.

    Sources

    • Ontario: Electric kick-style scooters (e-scooters) (ontario.ca)
    • British Columbia: Electric kick scooter rules and safety (www2.gov.bc.ca)
    • British Columbia: Electric kick scooter pilot project (gov.bc.ca)
    • Quebec: Rules for using electric scooters and other motorized personal mobility devices (quebec.ca)
    • Quebec: Le projet pilote se poursuit (13 May 2024) (quebec.ca)
    • Vingt55: Quebec extends the pilot project (news report) (vingt55.ca)
    • CBC News: Alberta government mulling regulations around micromobility vehicles (cbc.ca)
    • City of Calgary: Shared micromobility programme (calgary.ca)
    • Nova Scotia: Amendments to Motor Vehicle Act (5 April 2022) (news.novascotia.ca)
    • Halifax: E-scooters (halifax.ca)
    • CBC News: SGI changes regulations to allow e-scooters on roads (cbc.ca)
    • CBC News: Manitoba city sets laws for e-scooters, e-bikes (cbc.ca)
  • Electric Scooter Laws in Australia (2026): State-by-State Rules

    Electric Scooter Laws in Australia (2026): State-by-State Rules

    Quick answer: Private e-scooters are legal in public in Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania and the ACT, as long as the device meets local rules (generally a top speed of 25 km/h) and you wear a helmet. They are still illegal in public in New South Wales and, for most scooters, in the Northern Territory. Minimum ages, footpath speed limits and road access differ by state, and Queensland added a licence requirement from 31 August 2026. Checked September 2026.

    Australia has no single national e-scooter law. Each state and territory adapts the Australian Road Rules in its own way, and the differences matter. A scooter you can legally ride on a Perth footpath could earn you a fine in Sydney. This guide sets out the rules in each jurisdiction, using official state and territory government pages.

    State-by-state summary

    State or territory Private e-scooters in public? Footpath speed Road access and speed Minimum age Helmet
    Queensland Yes (licence needed from 31 Aug 2026) 12 km/h Roads and bike lanes up to 60 km/h limit; 25 km/h max 16 with a licence (supervised exemptions for younger riders) Required
    New South Wales No, private property only (shared trial sites aside) Not allowed Not allowed n/a n/a
    Victoria Yes Not allowed on footpaths Shared paths, bike paths and roads up to 60 km/h; 20 km/h max rider speed 16 Required
    South Australia Yes 10 km/h Roads up to 50 km/h (bike lane only on 60 km/h roads); 25 km/h max 16 Required
    Western Australia Yes 10 km/h Roads and bike lanes up to 50 km/h; 25 km/h max 16 Required
    Tasmania Yes 15 km/h Local roads up to 50 km/h meeting conditions; 25 km/h max 16 Required
    ACT Yes 15 km/h Roads only where no path is available or practical; 25 km/h on shared and bike paths Under 12s must be supervised Required
    Northern Territory Only low-powered scooters (200 W, 10 km/h) and approved Beam hire scooters in Darwin See below Not on roads over 50 km/h Beam hire: 18 Required

    Queensland

    Queensland treats e-scooters as personal mobility devices (PMDs). A PMD must be designed for one person, weigh no more than 60 kg, and not exceed a motor-propelled speed of 25 km/h. New laws took effect in stages from 1 July 2026, with the full reforms from 31 August 2026.

    • Licence and age: since 31 August 2026 “you must be 16 and hold a valid driver licence (minimum learner)” to ride an e-scooter. Under-18s without a licence can ride under a parental supervision exemption, and there are place and medical exemptions.
    • Footpaths: 12 km/h maximum. Shared paths: 12 km/h when passing pedestrians unless signed otherwise.
    • Separated and bicycle paths: 25 km/h maximum unless signed otherwise.
    • Roads: allowed on roads and bike lanes with a speed limit of 60 km/h or less, and in physically separated bike lanes, at up to 25 km/h.
    • Helmet: an approved bicycle or motorbike helmet must be worn and fastened.
    • Alcohol: riding with a BAC of 0.05 or above is illegal. The Queensland Government says riders over the limit face fines of more than $500, with court penalties of up to $6,908.
    • Registration and insurance: not currently required.

    From 1 July 2026 police gained powers to seize and destroy illegal devices, and e-scooters that can exceed 25 km/h unassisted are banned. You do not accumulate demerit points for PMD offences, but you may receive the same fines as motorists. Check the Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR) for current fine amounts.

    New South Wales

    The NSW Government states: “It is currently illegal to ride privately owned e-scooters in public places in NSW.” You can only ride a private e-scooter on private property, and “significant fines apply.”

    Shared (hire) e-scooters have been allowed in designated trial sites. At the time of checking, the NSW Government’s page still listed trials in Forster-Tuncurry and Wollongong “until 30 June 2025”, so check whether any trial is currently running before you ride. Riding a private scooter in a trial area is still illegal.

    NSW has published draft key rules and says it is “exploring options” to legalise e-scooter riding, but no new law was in force when we checked.

    Victoria

    Transport Victoria says e-scooters that comply with the Victorian road rules “are legal to use across Victoria.” A legal e-scooter has a maximum speed of 25 km/h on level ground, two wheels, a footboard, handlebar steering, and weighs no more than 45 kg.

    • Age: 16 or over
    • Helmet: required
    • Speed: ride at no more than 20 km/h
    • Where: shared-use paths, bicycle paths and roads with a speed limit of up to 60 km/h
    • Not allowed: footpaths, roads above 60 km/h, passengers or animals, hand-held phones, riding side by side, or riding under the influence
    • Licence: not needed, but drink or drug riding can affect your driver’s licence

    Selected fines, current as of 1 July 2026, include:

    Offence (Victoria) Penalty
    Riding a non-compliant e-scooter (capable of more than 25 km/h) $1,046
    Using a hand-held mobile phone $627
    Failing to wear a helmet $418
    Riding on a road with a limit over 60 km/h $366
    Riding on a footpath $314
    Riding if under 16 $314
    Exceeding 20 km/h $261

    South Australia

    South Australia’s Department for Infrastructure and Transport says private e-scooters and other PMDs “were legalised for use on footpaths, shared paths, bike paths, and many bike lanes and roads in South Australia on 13 July 2025.” A review of the rules began in June 2026, so changes are possible.

    • Age: at least 16
    • Helmet: approved bicycle or motorbike helmet
    • Footpaths, shared paths, beaches and crossings: 10 km/h maximum
    • Separated footpaths, bike paths, bike lanes and roads up to 50 km/h: 25 km/h maximum
    • Roads with a 60 km/h limit: e-scooters only, and only in a bicycle lane, at up to 25 km/h
    • Device: electric, one rider, 45 kg or less, working brakes and a bell or horn
    • Licence and registration: not required

    Expiation (fine) amounts as of 1 July 2026 include $222 for speeding, $484 for riding an e-scooter on a road over 60 km/h (or on a 60 km/h road outside a bike lane), and $133 for not wearing a helmet or carrying a passenger. An additional $108 Victims of Crime Levy applies. E-scooters are not allowed on SA public transport.

    Western Australia

    WA calls e-scooters “eRideables.” An eRideable must not go faster than 25 km/h on level ground, must weigh 25 kg or less, and be designed for one person. “Only people aged sixteen and over are allowed to use eRideables.”

    • Footpaths and pedestrian crossings: 10 km/h
    • Bicycle paths and shared paths: 25 km/h
    • Roads (up to 50 km/h) and bicycle lanes on those roads: 25 km/h
    • Illegal: roads and bike lanes where the limit is more than 50 km/h, and paths marked “no wheeled devices”
    • Helmet: any approved bicycle, skateboard or motorcycle helmet

    WA’s Road Safety Commission lists fines including $100 for speeding on a road or path, $100 for exceeding 10 km/h on a footpath, $50 for no helmet, $50 if a child under 16 rides, $500 to $1,000 for unlawful mobile phone use, and $100 for riding on a road with a limit over 50 km/h ($500 if the limit exceeds 70 km/h).

    Tasmania

    In Tasmania a PMD must be electric, weigh less than 45 kg, be designed for one person, and not be capable of more than 25 km/h. Transport Services Tasmania says:

    • Age: 16 or older. Under-16s may use low-powered e-scooters of no more than 200 watts and 10 km/h.
    • Helmet: required for all PMD users
    • Where: footpaths, shared paths, bicycle paths, and local roads with a speed limit of 50 km/h or less, no dividing lines or median strip, and not multi-lane one-way roads
    • Speed: 15 km/h on footpaths, 25 km/h on shared paths, bicycle paths and roads
    • Registration and insurance: not required

    Tasmania Police enforce the rules and can fine riders and temporarily confiscate a PMD. Check Transport Services Tasmania for fine amounts.

    Australian Capital Territory

    The ACT allows private and shared e-scooters. A legal device is electric, for one rider, weighs 60 kg or less, has brakes and a maximum speed of 25 km/h on level ground.

    • Where: footpaths, shared paths and nature strips. Roads only where there is no path or it is not practical or safe to use one, and then by the shortest practical route.
    • Speed: 15 km/h on footpaths, 25 km/h on shared paths and bicycle paths, and 10 km/h when approaching and crossing a crossing
    • Helmet: required
    • Age: children under 12 must be supervised by an adult. Lime shared scooters are 16 and over.
    • Other: no passengers, a warning device such as a bell, and lights and reflectors at night

    Check ACT City Services or Access Canberra for fine amounts.

    Northern Territory

    The NT Government says most e-scooters sold for private use do not meet its definitions. The only e-scooters allowed in public are:

    • Motorised scooters under Australian Road Rule 244A(1): maximum 200 watts and 10 km/h. Riders must wear a bicycle helmet, give way to pedestrians and not ride on roads over 50 km/h or with a dividing line or median strip.
    • Beam hire e-scooters in the approved Darwin operating area: riders must be at least 18, wear a helmet, and mostly stay on footpaths, shared paths and bicycle paths, at a capped 15 km/h.

    Any other e-scooter is a “non-complying motor vehicle.” Riding one in public can bring fines for driving an unregistered or uninsured vehicle, driving unlicensed, demerit points and even licence cancellation, unless the Registrar of Motor Vehicles has granted an exemption.

    Where to check the law

    This guide was checked in September 2026. Official places to check: Queensland TMR (qld.gov.au), Transport for NSW (nsw.gov.au), Transport Victoria, SA’s My Licence site, WA’s Road Safety Commission, Transport Services Tasmania, ACT City Services, and NT.GOV.AU.

    This article is general information, not legal advice. Rules and fines change, and local councils can add their own restrictions. For advice about your own situation, speak to a qualified lawyer or the relevant state or territory authority.

    Sources

    • Queensland Government: Rules for personal mobility devices (qld.gov.au)
    • Queensland Ministerial Media Statement: Nation-leading e-mobility laws (2 June 2026) (statements.qld.gov.au)
    • NSW Government: Riding electric scooters in NSW (nsw.gov.au)
    • NSW Government: Where can I ride an e-scooter in NSW (nsw.gov.au)
    • NSW Government: Legalising e-scooter riding in public places (nsw.gov.au)
    • Transport Victoria: E-scooter road rules (transport.vic.gov.au)
    • South Australia My Licence: Personal mobility devices (mylicence.sa.gov.au)
    • SA Department for Infrastructure and Transport: Review of e-scooter laws commences (26 June 2026) (dit.sa.gov.au)
    • WA Road Safety Commission: eRideables (wa.gov.au)
    • WA Road Safety Commission: eRideable offences and penalties (wa.gov.au)
    • Transport Services Tasmania: Personal mobility devices (transport.tas.gov.au)
    • ACT City Services: E-scooters and personal mobility devices (cityservices.act.gov.au)
    • NT.GOV.AU: Electric scooters and bikes